| | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ︵ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ︶ | 1949 ᠤᠨ ᠤ10 ᠰᠠᠷᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢ ᠮᠧᠩ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠺᠤᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | 1957 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1958 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠺᠤᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ1969 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠪᠠ᠃ 1971 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 1995 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ | ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ | ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠤᠭᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 2000 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠡᠢ ︵ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ︵2001︶ 11 ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ | ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ︶᠃ 2001 ᠤᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ | ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ | ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ︵ | ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ︵2001︶ 80 ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠦ︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 2004 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ | ᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ︵ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ︵2004︶ 10 ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠦ | ᠠᠯᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠠᠶᠢᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠠ᠃ 2004 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠤᠨᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠴᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ | ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 25 ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ | ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ᠂ 63 ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ︵ᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ︵2004︶ 41 ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ︵2004︶ 29 | ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︶᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠤᠲᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠭᠡᠨ | ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠫᠠᠶᠢᠰᠠ | ᠯᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠲᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠤᠳ᠋ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠤᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠭᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ 1949 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1956 | ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠲᠦ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠸᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠵᠡᠩᠨᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ 36 ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ | ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ142 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠳᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ 3 | —4 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠂ 75 —80 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠮᠠᠯ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠪᠡᠷ | ᠡᠵᠡᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︾ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠢᠮᠦᠰᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ | ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ | ᠵᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ | ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠰᠢᠪᠠ | ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ | ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ︵ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠵᠡᠩᠨᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ | ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ︶ ᠃ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠤᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯ | ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ | ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠮᠠᠶᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ | ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ | ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠪᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠤᠲᠤ 41 ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠷᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ | ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠭ 7 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠲᠦᠪᠡ᠃ ︵ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠰ | ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 6 ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ 1 ᠨᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ 1 ᠨᠠᠷᠠ᠂ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ 4 ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︶ ᠃ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠬᠦᠨ 1 ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ︵ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ | ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠬᠴᠢ 16 | ᠨᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ 17 ᠨᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1 ᠨᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ 5 ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | |