| ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠪᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠨ ︵1917~ 1978.8.4︶᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ 1917 ᠣᠨ ︵ | ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠮᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ | ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢᠠᠰᠠᠮᠪᠣᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠬᠠᠲᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠳ ︵ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ︶ | ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠣᠷᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ︵1936 ᠣᠨ | ︶ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠪᠸᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ ︵1937 ᠣᠨ︶ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠴᠣᠩᠭᠠ ︵ᠨᠠ᠊· ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠣᠭᠲᠤ︶ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ | 1939 ᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ︽ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ︾ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 1945 ᠣᠨ | ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠯᠲᠤ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠾᠷᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠾᠷᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠣᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠫᠷᠠᠰᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠣᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠮ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ | ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠪᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠴᠢᠷ | ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠪᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1946 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠠᠪᠣᠷ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠪᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠳᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ | ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶᠢᠴᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1946 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠱᠠᠩᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠣᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠬᠦᠮ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ 1947 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠨ | ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠺᠣᠮᠢᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠰᠢᠨᠰᠢ ︵ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ | ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ᠂ 16 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠸᠢᠽᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠸᠡᠫᠢᠯ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠪᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠪᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠨ 1948 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ᠂ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ 1949 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠶᠣᠸᠠᠨ ᠶᠢᠩ ︵ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠬᠤᠲᠠ︶ | ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ︾ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ 1952 ᠣᠨ | ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠸᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠺᠠᠯᠢᠹᠣᠷᠨᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠸᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠧᠺᠺᠧᠯᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠩᠬᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠣᠵᠠᠪ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ 1959 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ | ᠡᠾᠢᠢᠰᠰᠢᠭ ᠸ᠊ ︵Heissisw︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠨ ︵Bonn︶ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1963 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠣᠨᠳᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | 1978 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 4 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠪᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠣᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ | ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠲᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠣᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠂ 62 ᠨᠠᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠺᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠴᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 1998 ᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ 118 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ᠄ ︽ᠪᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ | ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠰᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ— ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠪᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠲ᠋ᠣᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠳᠣᠩᠳᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠣᠭᠤᠰᠢᠲᠠᠢ | ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠪᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠲ᠋ᠣᠳ᠋ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ | ᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠁︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠪᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠥᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ | ⒈1952 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠰᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ ᠫᠷᠠᠰᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠨᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ︾ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ⒉ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠣᠵᠠᠪ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ | ᠯᠧᠰᠰᠢᠩ ᠹ᠊· ᠳ᠋᠊· ︵Lessing F.D︶ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠣᠷᠠᠨ 1217 ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ | ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ 1960 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠢᠹᠣᠷᠨᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠸᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠧᠺᠺᠧᠯᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠣᠰᠧ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠨᠪᠣᠯᠠᠭ ᠰᠣᠮᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ︽ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠣᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ | ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ⒊1966 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ | ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ 180 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠭ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ | ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 1300 ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ︽ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠥᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ | ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ | ᠳᠥᠭᠦᠮ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ︽ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ⒋ ᠳ᠋᠊ · ᠭ᠊ · ᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠧ ︵ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠡ︶ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠣᠷᠠᠨ ︽ᠣᠳᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠪᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠣᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮ᠂ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠳᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠵᠦᠩ ᠰᠤ᠋ ᠴᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠺᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ︾ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ 1983 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ 1984 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 1 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠪᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠨ᠂ 2006 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ︽ᠰᠢᠯᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ︾ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ |